GPX File Documentation

Overview

Feature Value
Format type XML Schema based
Primary use GPS data exchange
Extension .gpx
MIME Type application/gpx+xml
Developed by Topografix
First released 2002
GPS data elements Waypoints, routes, tracks
Character encoding UTF-8
Support for metadata Yes
Support for extensions Yes
Interoperability High with various GPS devices and software
Open format Yes
Contain embedded elements Waypoints, routes, tracks, and metadata
Geospatial data included Longitude, latitude, elevation
Time information Yes, timestamps for waypoints and track points
Commonly used by Hikers, cyclists, drivers, pilots
Can include links to external resources Yes
Compatibility with mapping software Widely supported
Advantage Standard format for interchange of GPS data
Accessibility Readable with text editors
What's on this Page

What is a GPX File?

A GPX file, which stands for GPS Exchange Format, is an XML schema designed as a common GPS data format for software applications. It can be used to describe waypoints, tracks, and routes. The primary purpose of GPX files is to enable the exchange and storage of geographical information across different platforms and devices. GPX files contain a variety of information, including location coordinates (latitude and longitude), elevation, time, and often a name and description of the waypoint.

Key Components of a GPX File

GPX files are structured into several key components to store different types of navigational information:

  • Waypoints: These are individual points that mark specific locations. They can represent landmarks, start and end points of a route, or any point of interest.
  • Tracks: Tracks are a sequence of points that together represent a path that has been traveled. They include information about where you have been and the route you have taken.
  • Routes: Routes outline a planned path from one location to another, consisting of a sequence of waypoints. Unlike tracks, they do not represent a path that has already been traveled, but rather a planned course.

History and Evolution of GPX File Format

The GPX file format was created by TopoGrafix, a company specializing in mapping software and GPS mapping devices. Since its inception in 2002, the GPX format has become the de facto standard for interchange of GPS data, supported by hundreds of software applications and Web services around the world. Its open format and XML foundation make it extremely versatile and adaptable to new types of GPS and mapping technologies.

Milestones in GPX Development

The development and adoption of the GPX format have been marked by several key milestones:

  1. 2002: Introduction of GPX 1.0 by TopoGrafix, setting the initial standard for GPS data interchange.
  2. 2004: Release of GPX 1.1, which included several enhancements and improvements over the original version, such as the addition of route support.
  3. Continual Adoption: Over the years, the adoption of GPX as a standard format has continued to grow, with more devices and applications supporting GPX files.
  4. Future Developments: The ongoing evolution of GPS technology and digital mapping is likely to influence further developments and potentially new versions of the GPX format.

Understanding GPX File Structure

GPX File Syntax

The GPX, or GPS Exchange Format, is structured around XML (eXtensible Markup Language), offering a robust framework that can easily be understood and parsed by software. This syntax has been specifically designed to facilitate the interchange of GPS data between different platforms and applications. By harnessing the power of XML, GPX files encapsulate geographical information in a structured, hierarchical format, that includes metadata, waypoints, routes, and tracks among other elements.

Key Elements of GPX Files

Within the framework of a GPX file, there are several key elements which are vital for representing GPS data comprehensively. These elements include Waypoints, Routes, and Tracks. Each of these elements serves a unique purpose in the navigation ecosystem, capturing different aspects of a geographical journey or location.

Waypoints

Waypoints are individual points that denote a specific position on the earth's surface, represented by latitude and longitude coordinates. These points are typically used to mark significant locations such as the start and end points of a hiking trail, landmarks, or any other point of interest. The detailed information for a waypoint might include not just the coordinates, but also elevation, time stamps, name, and description, providing a comprehensive snapshot of that point.

Routes

Routes are sequences of waypoints that map out a path to be followed. Unlike waypoints, which are static points, routes represent a pre-planned trajectory that one intends to follow. This could be a path through a national park or a series of streets to be navigated through a city. Each route is comprised of a series of waypoints to guide the traveler from their starting point to their destination, potentially including recommended stops along the way.

Tracks

Tracks are somewhat similar to routes but are generated as one moves, recording the path that was actually taken. These are often used by outdoor enthusiasts to log their journeys, whether it be hiking, cycling, or sailing. Tracks offer a way to reconstruct one's path, showing where they've been on a map. A track is composed of a collection of track points (trkpt in the GPX schema), which, like waypoints, include information on location, elevation, and time.

Example of a GPX File Structure

Example of a GPX File Structure

The GPS Exchange Format (GPX) is a light-weight XML data format for the interchange of GPS data (waypoints, routes, and tracks) between applications and web services on the Internet. Below is a detailed explanation of the structure of a GPX file including the XML Header, Metadata Section, and examples of waypoints, routes, and tracks.

XML Header

The XML declaration is the very first line of a GPX file, specifying the XML version and encoding used. A typical XML header in a GPX file looks like this:

This declaration is essential for parsers to correctly interpret the content of the GPX file.

Metadata Section

The metadata section provides overall information about the GPX file, such as who created it, when it was created, and a description. An example snippet showing a metadata section might be:

Sample GPX Data A sample file to demonstrate the GPX structure. John Doe

It is good practice to include as much descriptive information as possible to facilitate understanding and use of the data by others.

Waypoint Example

Waypoints are specific geographical points defined by their latitude and longitude. In a GPX file, waypoints can be included to mark specific locations. A typical waypoint entry looks like:

Eiffel Tower Iconic symbol of Paris. 35

This entry includes the latitude and longitude of the location, a name, a description, elevation, and the time the waypoint was recorded.

Route Example

A route in a GPX file is a series of waypoints that make up a planned path. A route is represented as follows:

Historic Paris Walk A walking route covering historic sites in Paris. Eiffel Tower The Louvre

The route example specifies a starting point, intermediary waypoints, and a destination, forming a complete path to follow.

Track Example

A track is similar to a route but represents where you have been rather than where you are going. Tracks are typically recorded by GPS devices as they track your movement. A simple track example is shown below:

Morning Run

Each track point records the location and the exact time the point was recorded, providing a detailed history of the movement.

Usage and Applications of GPX Files

Usage and Applications of GPX Files

The use of GPX files in navigation and mapping has revolutionized the way we explore and document our surroundings. With the simplicity of exchanging geographical information, users can download routes and maps detailed with waypoints, tracks, and routes from various platforms directly to their GPS devices or mapping software. This integration enables adventurers to plan their journey meticulously, ensuring a seamless experience whether they are navigating bustling city streets or remote wilderness trails.

Fitness and Outdoor Activities

GPX files have become indispensable in the realm of fitness and outdoor activities. Runners, cyclists, and hikers leverage these files to track and share their paths, analyse workout efficiency, and set personal goals. Platforms like Strava and Garmin Connect allow users to upload their GPX data, fostering a community of enthusiasts who motivate each other by sharing routes and accomplishments. This ability to record intricate details of their activities helps athletes to optimize their training regimes and monitor progress over time.

Geocaching

Geocaching, an outdoor recreational activity, relies heavily on the utilization of GPX files for a seamless experience. Participants use GPX files to download coordinates of caches hidden around the world directly to their handheld GPS devices or smartphones. These files often contain additional information about the cache, such as a description, size, difficulty, and hints to find it. This digital treasure hunt not only encourages exploration and physical activity but also fosters a global community connected through shared adventure.

GPX File Interoperability

Compatibility with Devices and Software

The GPX (GPS Exchange Format) file format is renowned for its wide compatibility across a diverse range of devices and software. This universal adaptability makes GPX files exceptionally versatile for sharing and using geographic data. From handheld GPS devices to sophisticated mapping and GIS (Geographic Information Systems) software, the compatibility of GPX files spans a broad spectrum:

  • Handheld GPS devices: Manufacturers like Garmin and Magellan support GPX as a standard format for loading maps and waypoints.
  • Smartphone apps: Many hiking, cycling, and outdoor adventure applications allow users to import and export routes and tracks in GPX format.
  • Mapping software: GIS and mapping software, including Google Earth and QGIS, provide robust support for GPX files, enabling users to visualize and edit geographic data.

This cross-platform interoperability ensures that GPX remains a preferred format for geolocation enthusiasts, professionals in geographic data analysis, and anyone looking to share location-based data across different platforms and devices.

Converting GPX Files to Other Formats

Despite the broad compatibility of GPX files, there may be instances where conversion to other file formats is necessary. This is especially true when working with specialized software or devices that may not support GPX natively or when a different format offers additional functionality. The conversion process typically involves using software tools designed for this purpose:

  1. Online converters: Websites like GPSBabel offer tools to convert GPX files to and from various formats, such as KML (for Google Earth), TCX (for fitness data), or proprietary formats specific to certain GPS device manufacturers.
  2. Desktop software: Applications like BaseCamp (for Garmin devices) not only manage GPX files but also convert them to compatible formats for use with specific Garmin GPS units.
  3. Command-line tools: For users comfortable with the command line, tools like GPSBabel can be operated in command-line mode, offering greater control over the conversion process and the ability to automate conversions through scripts.

Converting GPX files to other formats enables users to maximize the utility of their geographic data, ensuring compatibility with a wider range of devices and applications and enriching the ways in which geospatial information can be used and shared.